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"News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised"."Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". de Laeter, John Robert Böhlke, John Karl De Bièvre, Paul Hidaka, Hiroshi Peiser, H.Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:.Audi, Georges Bersillon, Olivier Blachot, Jean Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The N UBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode: 2003NuPhA.729.3A, doi: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001."Observation of new neutron-rich Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu isotopes in the vicinity of 78 Ni". "Production cross sections from 82 Se fragmentation as indications of shell effects in neutron-rich isotopes close to the drip-line". Journal of the Physical Society of Japan. "Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a 238U Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon". "Evidence for a Change in the Nuclear Mass Surface with the Discovery of the Most Neutron-Rich Nuclei with 17 ≤ Z ≤ 25".

"Terrestrial manganese-53 - A new monitor of Earth surface processes". "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". ^ Prohaska, Thomas Irrgeher, Johanna Benefield, Jacqueline et al.^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Manganese"."The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). The primary decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 55Mn, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay. The isotopes of manganese range in atomic weight from 46 u ( 46Mn) to 72 u ( 72Mn). Hence 53Mn provides additional evidence for nucleosynthetic processes immediately before coalescence of the Solar System. Variations in 53Cr/ 52Cr and Mn/Cr ratios from several meteorites indicate an initial 53Mn/ 55Mn ratio that suggests Mn−Cr isotopic systematics must result from in-situ decay of 53Mn in differentiated planetary bodies. Mn−Cr isotopic ratios reinforce the evidence from 26Al and 107 Pd for the early history of the Solar System. Manganese isotopic contents are typically combined with chromium isotopic contents and have found application in isotope geology and radiometric dating. Because of its relatively short half-life, 53Mn occurs only in tiny amounts due to the action of cosmic rays on iron in rocks. 53Mn decays to 53 Cr with a half-life of 3.7 million years. Manganese is part of the iron group of elements, which are thought to be synthesized in large stars shortly before supernova explosions. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lives that are less than 3 hours and the majority of these have half-lives that are less than a minute. 26 radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 53Mn with a half-life of 3.7 million years, 54Mn with a half-life of 312.3 days, and 52Mn with a half-life of 5.591 days. Naturally occurring manganese ( 25Mn) is composed of one stable isotope, 55Mn.